Specialized cargo ship types
A ekspedisi ship or freighter is a merchant ship that carries ekspedisi, goods, and materials from one port to another. Thousands of ekspedisi carriers ply the world's seas and oceans each year, handling the bulk of international trade. Ekspedisi ships are usually specially designed for the task, often being equipped with cranes and other mechanisms to load and unload, and come in all sizes. Today, they are almost always built of welded steel, and with some exceptions generally have a life expectancy of 25 to 30 years before being scrapped. Taruhan Bola Online
The words ekspedisi and freight have become interchangeable in kasual usage. Technically, "ekspedisi" refers to the goods carried aboard the ship for hire, while "freight" refers to the act of carrying of such ekspedisi, but the terms have been used interchangeably for centuries. Situs Slot Terpercaya
Generally, the kekinian ocean shipping business is divided into two classes:
Liner business: typically (but not exclusively) container vessels (wherein "general ekspedisi" is carried in 20- or 40-foot containers), operating as "common carriers", calling at a berkalaly published jadwal of ports. A common carrier refers to a regulated servis where any peserta of the public may book ekspedisi for shipment, according to long-established and internationally agreed rules. Situs Bola Online
Tramp-tanker business: generally this is privat business arranged between the shipper and receiver and facilitated by the vessel owners or operators, who offer their vessels for hire to carry bulk (dry or liquid) or break bulk (cargoes with individually handled pieces) to any suitable port(s) in the world, according to a specifically drawn contract, called a charter party.
Larger ekspedisi ships are generally operated by shipping lines: companies that specialize in the handling of ekspedisi in general. Smaller vessels, such as coasters, are often owned by their operators.
Ekspedisi ships are categorized partly by ekspedisi or shipping capacity (tonnage), partly by weight (deadweight tonnage DWT), and partly by dimensions. Maksimum dimensions such as length and width (beam) limit the kanal locks a ship can sehat in, water depth (draft) is a limitation for canals, shallow straits or harbors and height is a limitation in order to pass under bridges.
